Diabetic Eye Disease: The Stages Explained
Diabetic retinopathy — damage to the retina’s blood vessels from high sugar — typically progresses through recognisable stages. The earlier stages usually have no symptoms, which is exactly why screening is so important.
The stages
- Mild–moderate non-proliferative: tiny vessel changes appear; vision is usually unaffected, but the process has begun.
- Severe non-proliferative: more vessels are blocked, depriving the retina of blood supply.
- Proliferative: fragile new vessels grow, which can bleed or pull on the retina — a sight-threatening stage.
- Diabetic macular oedema: fluid leaks at the central retina; can occur at any stage and blur central vision.
Why screening is vital
Because early stages are silent, a yearly dilated retina check catches changes long before vision is at risk — when laser, injections or other treatment work best.
Frequently asked questions
Can diabetic retinopathy be treated?
Yes — especially when caught early. Treatments such as laser and injections can preserve vision and prevent progression.
Will I notice if I have early diabetic retinopathy?
Usually not — early stages have no symptoms, so don’t wait for them. Regular screening is the safeguard.
This article is for general awareness and does not replace consultation with an eye specialist.
Related: Diabetic Eye Care · Diabetes and your eyes: beyond the retina · Retina Care · Book an appointment
This article is for general awareness and does not replace a consultation with an eye specialist.
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